Brief Description Digital and Future Skills are now a common goal across education, yet deep reasoning, problem solving, and computational thinking remain elusive for many students. This session explores why. Rather than focusing only on students, teachers, or curriculum, it examines the broader system that shapes how thinking develops in schools and what it will take to move from activity-based learning to genuine thinking. Drawing from field experience and implementation realities, we’ll examine how curriculum, assessment, teacher beliefs, pedagogy, incentives, and ecosystem structures collectively shape students' ability to think, reason, and solve problems.